Philadelphia chromosome can be founding 95% of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) by cytogenetic studies. The fused bcr/abl is transcribed in two types of chimeric mRNA. RT-PCR amplification of these two transcripts have been designed to give two different size products. This assay can detect one positive bcr/abl expressing cell in a back ground of 106 negative bcr/abl cells. The power of this assay is the detection of minimal residual disease (MRD) between 6-12 months following bone marrow transplantation (BMT) is an independent and significant factor that predicts the relapse in future. The aim of optimization was to detect β2 microglobulin (β 2M) mRNA. Detection of β2 mRNA and absence of bcr/abl indicates that the patient is negative for MRD and as a result, there is molecular remission in addition to clinical remission. To monitor MRD we tested a patient's blood sample who had tolerated allogenic BMT 7 years ago. bcr/abl wasn't detected in this patient and only β2 M was observed. This result confirmed the absence of MRD in this case. To effectively monitor minimal leukemic activity after BMT, we used a competitive RT- PCR to quantify expression of the characteristic bcr/abl fusion gene mRNA in patients with CML.    

Context: Decision fusion has emerged as a data management technique due to the diversity and scalability of data in health care. This first-scope review aimed to investigate the use of this technique in health care. Evidence Acquisition: A query was carried out on PubMed, Science Direct, and EMBASE within 1960-2017 using such keywords as decision fusion, information fusion, symbolic fusion, distributed decisions, expert fusion, and sensor fusion, in conjunction with med-* and health-care. The articles were analyzed in terms of methodology and results. Results: The literature search yielded 106 articles. Based on the results, in the field of health care, the articles were related to image processing (29%), sensors (22%), diagnosis area(10%), biology (6%), health informatics (8%), and signal process (15%). The majority of articles were published in 2011, 2012, and 2015, and the USA had the largest number of articles. Most of the articles were about engineering and basic sciences. Regarding healthcare, the majority of studies were conducted on the diagnosis of diseases (80%), while 9% and 11% of articles were about prevention and treatment, respectively. These studies applied the following methods: intelligent methods (44%), new methods (36%), probabilistic (13%), and evidential methods (7%). The dataset was as follows: research project data (49%), online dataset (42%), and simulation (9%). Furthermore, 49% of articles mentioned the applied software, among which classification and interpretation were reportedly the most and the least used methods. Conclusion: Decision fusion is a holistic approach to evaluate all areas of health care and elucidate diverse techniques that can lead to improved quality of care.

This research applied expertise retrieval model for finding expert authors, and used evaluation methods of information retrieval systems for measuring the performance of those models. Current research is an experimental one. Besides, a variety of methods including survey method has been used in the research process. Various models were developed for finding expert authors, all built on a known expertise retrieval model, called document-centered model. Voting models were used within these models, too. All models were implemented and evaluated on the test collection developed specially for this research. Results showed that citation-centered models outperformed authorshipcentered models in term of expert author finding task. In addition, there was no significant difference among retrieval performance of voting models. Individuals name occur in academic papers in two ways: either as author of paper or cited in the paper. Measuring retrieval performance of ER model considering kind of occurrence is our contribution in this research.

Introduction: Micropropagation is important for both multiplication and preservation of a wide range of nursery plants, including many fruit crops. A number of studies exist on optimization of growth in in vitro condition for one or two cultivars, but often these results cannot be used for the other genotypes because individual cultivars may differ greatly in their requirements. Therefore, genotype-specific medium are usually empirically developed for many plants including pear. Pear cultivars and species are often recalcitrant to tissue culture manipulations and Murashige and Skoog (23) (MS) basal nutrient medium at full or half strength or with slight modifications is the most media were used. The QL, DKW, and WPM media are also used and they differ mostly in types or amounts of calcium and nitrogen in compared with MS. Developing growth media for specific and unique cultivars is complex and time-consuming. Currently, improved experimental design and using statistical softwares allow much more efficient approaches to be utilized for the improvement of micropropagation media and conditions. Improving of growth medium for in vitro propagation of plants depends on type and quantities of mineral nutrients and plant growth regulators as important ones. The existence of statistical softwares to manage effective factors is very needed to access an optimized growth medium for in vitro propagation of plants. Design Expert is used as auxiliary software to identify essential factors in in vitro culture. Since the in vitro proliferation parameters of Pyrus communis cv. ʽ Shekariʼ need to optimize for growth better, we were designed and performed a multifactor surface response experiment by Design Expert software to following two goals. First, to find optimized amount of some elements in medium and second, to show the response surface method can be useful for improving in vitro culture. Materials and Methods: One experiment was designed by Design Expert software and was performed to improve in vitro proliferated shoots of Pyrus communis cv. ʽ Shekariʼ . Shoots were grown in a modified MS medium (supplement with 1 mg l-1 of N6-benzyladenine) were used for this experiment. The experiment was included 20 model points randomly based on three nutritional factors: NH4NO3 (0. 5-1. 5×), Fe (0. 5-1. 5×) and micro nutrients (1-2×) in different concentration of their MS amounts. Media enriched with sucrose (30 g l-1) and agar (8 g l-1) after pH adjustment at 5. 7. Cultures were grown at 25° C under a 16-h photoperiod with 70– 90 μ M m-2 s-1 irradiance provided by a combination of cool-and warm-white fluorescent bulbs and were transferred to new medium every 3 weeks. Several responses were recorded after two months: Proliferated shoot number, proliferated shoot length (cm), total leaf number, leaf chlorophyll a (mg g-1), leaf carotenoids (mg g-1), and vegetative growth (cm). Responses for each point were the mean of 5 replicates. Experimental design, model evaluation, and analysis were done by Design-Expert® 8 (2010) software and the highest-order polynomial model that was significant for each response was used for ANOVA. Results and Discussion: Factors statistically were significant for responses according to ANOVA in linear, 2FI and quadratic models. Reduced NH4NO3 (×0. 5) and enhanced Fe (×1. 5) induced the higher number of proliferated shoots up to 4. 43 folds of control according a quadratic model. NH4NO3 and Fe×Micro had negative liner relationships with shoot length, while leaf number negatively was affected by micros. Fe and NH4NO3 were effective factors on leaf chlorophyll a and carotenoids contents. Increasing Fe (×1. 5) and decreasing NH4NO3 (×0. 5) led to 2 folds higher production of chlorophyll a and carotenoids. Vegetative growth of Pyrus communis cv. ʽ Shekariʼ in a quadratic-order method (negatively controlled by NH4NO3 and micros) increased by high values of proliferated shoot number and shoot length induced by reduced NH4NO3 (×0. 5). Optimized amount of three studied factors based on two important responses, maximum amount of proliferated shoot number and length, were 0. 9, 1 and 0. 5× for Fe, micro and NH4NO3 in MS medium, respectively. Conclusions: Design Expert software and response surface method were used successfully for in vitro optimizing of Pyrus communis cv. ʽ Shekariʼ regenerated shoots. Fe, Micro and NH4NO3, were the effective factors for shoot regeneration responses in linear, 2FI and quadratic models. The multifactor investigation in surface response design will enable us to predict an optimal medium for several effective factors and estimate suitable responses. Outputs of these types of experiments provide a suitable background to increase optimization accuracy for future experiments.